Acronyms are a fun and effective way of learning. They help us remember more complicated things by using usually just one word to aid in memorizing. First aid and CPR training usually provides multiple acronyms for participants to use to remember key points. One of the more popular acronyms in first aid and CPR training in Alberta is “SAMPLE”. On this post we will discuss the acronym “SAMPLE” and how it is used in first aid and CPR training in OH&S approved courses in Alberta.
What is SAMPLE Used For?
In first aid training the word SAMPLE is used to help rescuers determine how to help a conscious patient. Using the questions related to SAMPLE rescuers may have a better understanding of what the emergency is and how to manage it until help arrives.
Signs and Symptoms
The “S” in SAMPLE is signs and symptoms. When rescuers are conversing with a conscious patient it can be useful to know the signs and symptoms to determine what the issue may be. Rescuers are encouraged to ask the patient what the signs and symptoms are or even simply does anything hurt? What is bothering you? Any pains or injuries that are bothering you? If the patient explains yes, it can be useful for the rescuer to address those concerns and advise further help if needed.
Allergies
The “A” in SAMPLE is “Allergies”. It may be important for rescuers to know if the patient may be having an allergic reaction. A simple question of “Do you have any allergies?” can help the rescuer know if that is something that may need addressing. If a victim is allergic to bee stings and the just recently had a bee sting it may be the issue that needs addressing which is why it is important to ask the victim if they have any allergies.
Medications
The “M” in SAMPLE is “Medication”. It can be very useful for the rescuer to know what medications the victim is taking or has forgotten to take when try to determine how to manage the first aid emergency. If a victim states that he or she carry’s heart medication for potential angina issues and is showing signs and symptoms of angina it may strengthen the idea that the victim is suffering from a cardiovascular emergency. The same can be said if the victim carries epinephrine for allergic reactions. He or she may be susceptible to anaphylactic shock and the medication can help reinforce that notion.
Past Pertinent History
The “P” in SAMPLE is “Past Pertinent History”. It can be useful for the rescuer to know if this emergency has happened in the past. If the victim is portraying symptoms of Angina and the victim has a history of heart attacks it can help the rescuer into thinking that it may be occurring again. This is why it is important to ask whether the issue had occurred in the past. It may also be useful to ask the victim what was done to relieve or manage the issue in the past.
Last Meal
The “L in SAMPLE is for “Last Meal”. It can be useful for the rescuer to know when and what was the last meal for the victim. If it’s late in the evening and the victims hasn’t had a meal all day then the victim may be suffering from issues related to not eating all day including, but not limited to, low blood sugar. This is why it is important to ask the question of when was the last meal.
Events Prior To
The “E” in SAMPLE is for “Events Prior to”. It can be useful for the rescuer to know what the victim was doing prior the emergency. If the victim explains that he or she was exercising vigorously prior to the issue and the victim hasn’t exercised in months then it can potentially be an issue relating to circulatory emergencies or breathing emergencies.
Take a first aid course today to learn the latest rescue techniques and all the acronyms that can help you save a life!